What is the purpose of inflow and infiltration studies in sewer systems?

Inflow and infiltration (I/I) studies in sewer systems are focused on understanding how excess water enters the sewer system, which can lead to a variety of operational issues. The main purpose of these studies is to identify sources of excess water and detect leaks within the wastewater collection system. Excess inflow might originate from rainfall or groundwater making its way into the sewer through cracks, dysfunctional joints, or poorly sealed manholes. Detecting these sources is crucial because they contribute to overloading the system during wet weather, which can lead to sewage overflows and treatment inefficiencies. Addressing these issues can help municipalities manage their sewage flow more effectively, reduce costs associated with treatment, and improve the overall integrity of the sewer infrastructure.

The other options do not encapsulate the primary objective of I/I studies. While enhancing water quality is a broader goal of wastewater management, I/I studies are specifically about managing and mitigating excess water flow rather than directly improving water quality. Increasing capacity for sewage typically involves expanding or upgrading infrastructure rather than focusing on controlling inflow and infiltration. Monitoring temperature changes is not relevant to the goals of I/I studies, as these assessments do not focus on thermal dynamics within the sewer system.